Quarry and mining

Mining machinery is machinery directly used in operations such as mineral mining and enrichment. Including mining machinery and mineral processing machinery. The working principles and structures of prospecting machinery are mostly the same or similar to the mining machinery used to mine similar minerals. Broadly speaking, prospecting machinery also belongs to mining machinery. In addition, a large number of cranes, conveyors, ventilators and drainage machinery are also used in mining operations.

1. Crushing equipment

Crushing equipment is a mechanical equipment used to crush minerals.

Crushing operations are often divided into coarse crushing, medium crushing and fine crushing according to the size of the feeding and discharging particles. Commonly used sand and gravel equipment include jaw crusher, impact crusher, impact crusher, compound crusher, single-stage hammer crusher, vertical crusher, gyratory crusher, cone crusher, and roller crusher. machine, double-roller crusher, two-in-one crusher, one-time forming crusher, etc.

According to the crushing method and mechanical structural characteristics (action principle), they are generally divided into six categories.

(1) Jaw crusher (tiger mouth). The crushing function relies on the movable jaw plate to periodically press against the fixed jaw plate to crush the ore blocks sandwiched therein.

(2) Cone crusher. The ore block is between the inner and outer cones. The outer cone is fixed and the inner cone swings eccentrically to crush or break the ore block sandwiched between it.

(3) Roller crusher. The ore nuggets are mainly subjected to continuous crushing in the gap between two oppositely rotating round rollers, but also have a grinding and peeling effect, and the toothed roller surface also has a chopping effect.

(4) Impact crusher. The ore blocks are crushed by the impact of rapidly rotating moving parts. Those belonging to this category can be divided into: hammer crusher; cage crusher; impact crusher.

(5) Ore grinding machine. The ore is crushed by the impact and grinding action of the grinding media (steel balls, steel rods, gravel or ore blocks) in the rotating cylinder.

(6) Other types of crushing and grinding machines.

2. Mining machinery

Mining machinery is machinery and equipment used for direct mining of useful minerals and mining operations, including: mining machinery for mining metallic ores and non-metallic ores; mining machinery for coal; and oil drilling machinery for mining petroleum. The first pneumatic disc shearer was designed by British engineer Walker and was successfully manufactured around 1868. In the 1880s, hundreds of oil wells in the United States were successfully drilled with steam-powered percussion drills. In 1907, a cone drill was used to drill oil and natural gas wells, and from 1937, it was used for open-pit mine drilling. .

3. Mining machinery

Mining machinery The mining machinery used for underground and open-pit mining includes: drilling machinery for drilling blast holes; excavation machinery and loading and unloading machinery for digging and loading ore rock; excavation machinery for drilling ceilings, shafts and flat tunnels.

4. Drilling machinery

Drilling machinery is divided into two categories: rock drills and drilling rigs. Drilling rigs are divided into open-pit drilling rigs and underground drilling rigs.

① Rock drill: used to drill blast holes with a diameter of 20 to 100 mm and a depth of less than 20 meters in medium-hard or above rock. According to their power, they can be divided into pneumatic, internal combustion, hydraulic and electric rock drills, among which pneumatic rock drills are the most widely used.

② Open-pit drilling rigs: According to different working mechanisms for crushing ore rocks, they are divided into steel rope impact drilling rigs, down-the-hole drilling rigs, roller cone drilling rigs and rotary drilling rigs. Steel rope impact drilling rigs have been gradually replaced by other drilling rigs due to their low efficiency.

③Underground drilling rig: When drilling underground blast holes with a hole diameter less than 150 mm, in addition to using a rock drill, a small diameter down-the-hole drill of 80~150 mm can also be used.

5. Excavation machinery

It is a tunnel-forming or well-forming mechanical equipment that directly breaks the ore rock by utilizing the axial pressure and rotational force of the cutter to roll the rock surface. The tools used include disc hobs, wedge hobs, ball hobs and milling cutters. According to the different excavation tunnels, they are divided into raise drilling rigs, shaft drilling rigs and flat tunnel boring machines.

①Raise drilling rigs are specially used for drilling patios and slide wells. Generally, there is no need to enter the patio for operation. A cone drill bit is used to drill the pilot hole first, and a reamer composed of a disc-shaped hob is used to expand the hole upward.

② The shaft drilling rig is specially used to drill wells in one go and consists of a drilling tool system, a rotary device, a derrick, a drilling tool lifting system and a mud circulation system.

③ Tunnel boring machine, which is a comprehensive mechanized equipment that combines mechanical rock breaking and slag discharge and other processes and continuously digs. It is mainly used for coal tunnels, engineering tunnels in soft mines and medium leveling of ore rocks with medium hardness or above. Lane excavation.

6. Coal mining machinery

Coal mining operations have developed from semi-mechanized in the 1950s to comprehensive mechanized in the 1980s. Comprehensive mechanized coal mining widely uses equipment such as shallow-cut double (single) drum combined shearers (or plows), bendable scraper conveyors, and hydraulic self-moving brackets to improve the crushing and loading of coal on the mining face. Coal, transportation, support and other links have been fully mechanized. Double drum shearer is a coal falling machine. The electric motor transmits the power to the spiral drum to drop coal through the cutting part reducer, and the movement of the machine is realized by the electric motor passing through the traction part transmission device. There are basically two types of traction methods, namely anchor chain traction and anchor chain-free traction. Anchor chain traction is achieved by meshing the sprocket of the traction part with the anchor chain fixed on the transporter.

7. Oil drilling and production

Onshore oil drilling machinery. According to the mining process, it is divided into drilling machinery, oil production machinery, well workover machinery and fracturing and acidification machinery to maintain high production of oil wells. Drilling machinery is a complete set of mechanical equipment used to drill or drill production wells for the development of oil or natural gas. Oil drilling rigs include derricks, drawworks, power machines, mud circulation systems, pulley device systems, turntables, wellhead devices and electrical control systems. The derrick is used to install the crown block, traveling block and hook, lift other heavy objects up and down the drill floor, and hang the drilling tools in the well for drilling.

8. Mineral processing machinery

Mineral beneficiation is the process of selecting useful minerals from the collected mineral raw materials based on the differences in physical properties, physicochemical properties and chemical properties of various minerals. The implementation of this process is called mineral processing machinery. Mineral processing machinery is divided into crushing, grinding, screening, sorting (sorting) and dehydration machinery according to the mineral processing process. Commonly used crushing machinery include jaw crusher, gyratory crusher, cone crusher, roller crusher and impact crusher. The most widely used grinding machinery is the barrel mill, including rod mill, ball mill, gravel mill and ultra-fine laminated autogenous grinder. Commonly used in screening machinery are inertial vibrating screens and resonant vibrating screens. Hydraulic classifiers and mechanical classifiers are widely used grading machines in wet classification operations. Commonly used separation and flotation machinery include full-section air-lift microbubble flotation machines. The most famous dehydration machinery is the multi-frequency dehydration screen tailings dry discharge system. The most famous among the crushing and grinding systems is the ultra-fine laminated autogenous grinder.

9. Drying machinery

The special dryer for coal slime is a new type of special drying equipment developed on the basis of the drum dryer. It can be widely used in:

1. Drying of coal slime, raw coal, flotation clean coal, mixed clean coal and other materials in the coal industry;

2. Drying of blast furnace slag, clay, pentonite, limestone, sand, quartz stone and other materials in the construction industry;

3. Drying of various metal concentrates, waste residues, tailings and other materials in the mineral processing industry;

4. Drying of non-heat-sensitive materials in the chemical